Switching control system



3 Sheets-Shes?I l Filed Deo. 1'7, 1946 /Nl/EA/mR J P JULEV Jan. l9, 1954J. P. JULEY swITcHING CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Deo. 17, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet2 kmh @bwk n l @Wha GU@ N N N @Dx ATTORNEY /NVENTOR J P JU/ EV Jan. 19,1954 J. P. JULEY swITcHrNG CONTROL SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec.17, 1946 Nk, a. tu:

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hvw @ETW l-ll En @E H "L n@ muy . QQML /NVE/vroR J l? JULEY ATTORNEYPatented Jan. 19, 1954 UNITED STATESvPTENT OFFICE TelephoneLaboratories, Incorporated,

New

York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 17, 1946,Serial No. 716,793

4 Claims. (Cl. 235-61) This invention relates to calculators andparticularly to electrical devices by whichA mathematical calculationsmay be carried out by the movement of simple electromagnetic meanswithout the use of gear trains, number Wheels, cams and other mechanicalelements. Y

An object of the invention is to provide calculating means which willperform long and complicated operations in a minimum of time and With aminimum of apparatus, The prime object of theinvention is accuracy sincethere can be no compromise in this respect in a calculator.

The usefulness of a calculator depends directly on the confidence whichthe userlias inthe accuracy of the result. This is reflected in theoperation which has become habitual with many users of calculatingmachines, namely, that of duplicating the calculations and comparing theresults for deviations. The idea that cogs and gears cannot slip is notfully justified and experience has proved that these mechanicalcalculators are in fact subject to errors. By contrast the electricalcircuit calculators are dente and positive in action. There are no camsto slip nor gears to get out of mesh and experience has proved that theresults produced are reliable and accurate. Such devices are, like allelectrical circuit devices, subject to troubles due toY defectivecircuits but herein lies the difference, that any circuit defect in theelectrical calculator immediately brings in an alarm and the trouble isreported,'whereas in a mechanical calculator a gear which has slippedout of mesh reports no trouble but simply produces a dishonest result.

A particular object of the present invention is to provide a means wherea plurality of like circuits are to be operated whereby no singletrouble .or electrical fault can produce an error-in calculation. Y

As a specific example of this improvement, the

calculator includes'a plurality of registers all set from a commontrunk. There is a connecting device for associating` each register withthis common turnk knownas a cut-in relay.VV Itvvill be I realized thatif two cut-in relays were to be simultwo wires leading to the two cut-inrelays would result in the setting of one of the registers in error. Toavoid such an erroneous operation the association of a register with thetrunk through the cut-in relays is divided into two parts, each underindependent stimulus but one depending on the other.

In the device of the present invention the operation of associating aregister With the common trunk toreceive a registration is a function ofa master control circuit which responds to coded signals in a master orroutine index. Usually an operation ordered by the master controlcircuit is in response to a single code.. In accordance with the presentinvention adouble code is used Yproviding two separate and distinctstimuli to cause the operation, one of which does not become effectiveunless and until the other hasproduced a proper reaction. Thus tworegisters cannot be operated in parallel unless the two correspondingcode wires of each are concurrently crossed. While the possibility thatany two Wires may become crossed is remote, the probability that fourparticular wires will become crossed in a particular pattern is soextremely remote that it need not practically be considered apossibility. Add to this the fact that any single trouble if it causesanunauthorized and uncompleted operation will stop the train ofoperations and bring in an alarm and it will be seen that a calculatorbased on dependent operations rather than mere sequential operationssuch as the cam-driven machines is accurate and reliable.

The drawings consist of three sheets having three figures, as follows:

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 taken together with Fig, 1 placed above Fig. 2constitute a flow chart to indicate the movement of signals comprisingboth operational orders and mathematical information between variousunits of the device, Fig. 1 containing the various tape transmitters,control circuits and the calculator and Fig. 2 containing the registersand their cut-in relays, and,

Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram used to explain those details ofthedevice in which the present invention is embodied. l

This application is one of a group of seven applicationsr all based onthe same arrangement. lThe Andrews-Vibbard application is a full andcomplete disclosure and includes a disclosure of the present invention,the other applications inthe present application being abbreviateddisclosures of certain features of the complete device, as follows:

*d registered at various times in the A and B registers. For thispurpose a set of multiplying relays E27 and a set of multiplier relaysE33 are provided, by means of which a multiplicand operat- Q t'Applicant el la] The device in which the present invention is ying themultiplying relays I2l may be multiplied incorporated is a calculatoroperated by electrical circuit change, in which each new circuitoperation is dependent upon the successful completion of a previousoperation. essentially of a calculating arrangement, a plurality oftap-e transmitters of the kind commonly used in printing telegraphoperation for entering both operational orders and mathematical information, a plurality of registers in which mathematical information fromthe tapes or calculated by the calculator may be stored temporarily anda printing device also of the type commonly used in the printingtelegraph art for recording various items of information including thearguments of the problems, partial results and the final results.

ln Fig. 1 there is shown a master control tape transmitter lill which isused to transmit operational orders from a so-called routine tape intothe master control circuit IfiV which has general control over all theoperations of the device. Other similar transmitters are theinterpolator tape transmitter m2, the ballistic data tape transmittersIUS and' IM yand the problem data tape transmitter E05, each With itscontrol circuit. All of these transmit mathematical information fromappropriate tapes and all"of this information is generically problemdata. That provided by the problem data tape constitutes the argumentsof the problem, that from the interpolator tape constitutes correlatedor empirical data and that from the ballistic tapes constitutes tableinformation or precalculated data such as is usually found in theso-called tables of functions such as trigonometric, logarithmaticballistic and other such data. In the operation of this device theroutine tape is operated cyclically, that is, it runs through itstransmitter over one complete set of routine orders necessary for thecalculation of a function from one given argument or'set of arguments.The problem data tape usually contains a series of arguments and ismoved forwardly step-by step under control of the master controlcircuit, the master tape operating through one cycle for each argument.The remaining tapes ,contain necessary information and may be moved frompointuto-point either forwardly or backwardly to transmit informationcalled for by the master control from time to time during lthecalculation.

The calculator here generally shown as included in the broken linerectangle IIS, consists primarily of four relay registers, the Aregister 23 constituting an augend element, the B register I29constituting an addend element and the C register IE5 and D register |30beingused alternatively as sum elements. All problems presented to thecalculator are in the form of problems in multiplication and thecalculation is actually performed by summing the values lt consists byone digit at a time of the multiplier which operates the multiplierrelays Iii. There is provided a set of switching relays i3! fordetermining into which register, the C register I'l or the D registerist the values in the A and B registers shall be summed. Values storedin the D register E3@ may be transferred only to the B register YI29,,by way of an inverter 32. The inverter is a means by which the valuebeing transferred from the D register to the B register may betransferred as it is or in its complemental form. Values stored in the Cregister L25 may be transferred either tothe A register or transmittedout over the C multiple ill for 'transfer to any one of the variousregisters shown in Fig. 2.

' The calculator IIE is under general control of a steering circuit l2!which controls the various steps in a multiplying calculation cycle.When a problem in division is presented an additional circuit, thedivision steeringV circuit i22 is brought into action to make thenecessary changes and alterations in the calculating cycle. The cut-inrelays 12u, ordered into operation by the master lcontrol circuit it@through the code distributing relays HB3, operate to activate onedecimal denominational order at a time of certain Yregisters which thentransmit over the R multiple IE5 to operate the multiplier relays undercontrol of the steering circuit I2i. The division steering circuit,ordered into operation over the Vpath lit, besides modifying thecalculation cycle, provides a supply 'of multiplier digits over the Rmultiple M5 to the multiplier relays |33 as trial -quotientdigits andtransmits the correctly calculated quotient digits over the C multiple II1.

There are in this device several trunk lines or paths over whichinformation may be passed, as indicated by the arrow heads on the linesrepresenting these paths, such as the C multiple Ill, the R multiplelIIE and the M multiple 223. The C multiple generally is for transferringinformation from the C register tov any one of the variousstoringregisters shown in Fig. 2. The M multiple generally is for transferringmultin plicands from any of the registers of Fig. 2 to the multiplyingrelays I2? and the R.` multiple is for transferring multipliers a digitat a time from certain of the registers of Fig. 2 to the multiplierrelays |33.

Fig. 2 shows a plurality of registers such as 202 eachwth its cut-inrelay suchas 29|. The registers and the cut-in relays are controlledfrom the mastercontrol code distributing relays H33 over connectionsrepresented by the bundle I26. Details of this control shown in Fig. 3include the novel features of the present invention `and ywill bedescribed shortly. The master control circuit |06 is shown as havingcontrol over ther other control.circuitsfsuchras the printer jcontrol|01, the interpolator control |99, the

ballisticcontrol HB and-the 'problem data control The master controlcircuitrl transmits operational orders from the master tape to themaster control code distributing relays |98 which translates the routineorders into signals vto control the various operations-of the device`.Bilt to the C multiple H1 so that some number registered in the Cregister |25 may be transferred to the T register. This is shown in moredetail in Fig. 3. By way of example the master code 09 (operations 35,83, or |33 in the typical example set forth in detail in theAndrews-Vibbard application) is cited. This activates the leads CTA andCTB, whereupon the T register is made available to receive aregistration of a number calculated by the calculator and now registeredin the C register. The master control circuit 3M will ground the CTAlead 30| and the CTB lead 362. Ground on lead 33| will be extendedthrough a back contact of TW relay 353 to cause the operation of the TUrelay 304. Now if the register is properly and fully released thedown-check circuit consisting of a series connection involving anarmature. and back contact of every biquinary code relay of the registerwill be closed. Therefore the .CTB

lead 392 will be closed through to the TC' relay 365. Relay 3&35 willthen operate and lock to the CTB lead so that upon the first movement ofany one of the register relays it cannotv be released. The TC relay 395also closes the C multiple S (representing seven conductors lfor eachdecimal denominational order) to the various orders of the T register301. While the C multiple is arranged to transmit either from the Cregister S or the problem data circuit SBS it will, under master code09, transmit from the C register. Thus, under operation 35 of thetypical example, a certain gure has been calculated and the calculatedresult, now in the C register isto be transferred to the T register. Assoon as each denominational order of the T register is vproperiy setthere will be one binary relay and one quinary relay in each such orderoperated and hence the series up-checa circuit will be closed.. Thiswill result in extending the ground from the CTB lead 3&2 through anarmature egoealvs and front contact of the TC relay 305, the uppletion.of the 11p-check circuit and the operation of the TW relay 393 willconstitute a signal that the ordered circuit operation has beencompleted and therefore the master control advances. Since this removesthe ground from the CTB lead, the TC relay will release and thusdisconnect the T register from the C multiple.

Thus itwill bese'en that two leads, CTA and CTB,must be grounded tocomplete this operation.' Ground on CTA alone will bring up the TU relaybut unless CTB is also grounded the TC relaycannot be operated. CTBalone will have no effect and hence it is that two independent stimuliare needed, neither one of which alone is effective but which cooperatein such a manner that'the second only becomes effective when and ifi-theiirst has produced a proper response.

There is a similar arrangement for each of the registers as may be seenfrom an examination of thelist of master codes. If any two leads such asthe A leads for two different registers become crossed it will be seenthat only that register whose B lead is also aiected will becooperatively associated with the C multiple. A simple examination ofthe various possibilities will lead to the conclusion that no singletrouble can lead to an error in calculation and the laws of probabilitywill show that the possibility of two troubles occurring simultaneouslyis so remote that it need be givenno practical consideration.

The alarm circuit is shown schematically in Fig. 3. Every operationalorder on the master or routine tape is in the form of a code and anycode will close a circuit to the timing means. This is representedherein by the contact closer Si@ which will close a circuit through atime Vmeasuring device 3H to the TM relay 3I2. If the contact 'SH3 isheld closed over a given interval the relay 3|2 will operate and displayan alarm 3 I3. However, the time measuring device 3H is set to giveample time for all normal'operations, and hence after the register 3&1has been properly set and the up-check circuit has been closed the TWrelay M3 will operate as described This releases the TU relay 3M wherebya circuit is closed from ground through a back contact of relay 1304, afront contact of relay 363 to' operate the step relay Slt. This may betermed a satisfaction signal since it constitutes a signal' that thelast order issued by the master tape has been satisfactorily carriedout. The step relay 3|4 therefore operates the tape stop magnet 3|5which opens the connections to the ACTA* lead, the CTB lead and the timemeasuring circuit and advances to the next coded orders.

Therefore, if through some error, an order such as. the master code 09is given when the register 361 is occupied the ground on the CTA lead30| will cause the operation of the TU relay 304 but since thedown-check circuit is open at numerous points the CTB lead M2 isineffective to operate the TC relay 3&5. Hence the operation is blockedand in due time the time measuring device 3H will bring in an alarm 3isince no circuit for the STP relay 3M can be completed.

What is claimed is:

1. In aV calculator constructed and arranged so that no single troublecan result in an error in calculation, a plurality olf registers, anenabling means for each of said registers, each. of said enabling' meanscomprising a iirst part and a second part, pairs of signal conductorsfor controlling each of said enabling means, each of said pairs ofsignal conductors having a rst conductor and a second conductor, asigna1 applying means for applying independent signals to the conductorsof said pairs of signal conductors, said rst part of each of saidenabling means comprising apparatus responsive to an independent signalover the rst conductor of one pair of said pairs of signal conductorsfor `-the operation of ,connecting the second conductor of said one pairto the second part of the same enabling means,

said'second part of each of said enabling means vcomprising apparatusresponsive to an independent signal over the second conductor of onepair :of said pairs ci signal conductors when said second conductor ofed to the second said one pair has been connectpart of said enablingmeans by the rst part or" the same enablingirneans for completing theenabling of one y'of said registers, and an alarm means controlled bysaid signal applying means for operating an alarm when either part ofany of said enabling 'means fails to operate in response to a signalapplied to the one of said signal conductors to which said part isconnected.

2. Ina calculator, means for preventing any `vsingle trouble fromresulting in an error in calculation, including a plurality ofregisters, a common transmission path into said registers,

a pair 'of signal conductors ior each oi said regvone of said conductorsof said pair for connecting the other of said conductors of said pair tosaid second means, said second means being controlled by said iirstmeans and responsive to a signal over the other of said conductors ofsaid pair for completing the connection oi said associated register withsaid common transmission path, a timing means controlled by said controlmeans for timing a predetermined interval and an alarm means controlledby said timing means for operating an alarm When either said first meansor said second means or both,

fail to operate during said predetermined interval in response tosignals applied to the conductors of said pair to which said rst meansand said second means are connected.

3. A register for receiving, storing and supplying coded informationhaving a plurality olf incoming terminals, a source of information, 'atrunk line comprising a plurality of conductors leading from said sourceoi information, a oonnector for connecting the conductors of said trunk.line to said incoming terminals and means for operating said connectorcomprising a rst and a second operating conductor, a rst relay, adown-check circuit and a second relay, means for concurrentlyelectrically energizing said operating conductors, said first relaybeing controlled by the electrical energization of said rst operatingconductor to connect said second operating conductor to said down-checkcircuit,

'8 said down-check circuit being enabled only by the complete release ofsaid register, said second relay being controlled by the operation ofsaid rst relay and the enabling of said downcheck circuit and responsiveto the electrical energization of said second operating conductor tooperate said connector toconnect the conductors of said trunk line tosaid incoming terminals, an up-check circuit, said second relay inoperating also closing a circuit to Yextend the electrical energizationon said second operating conductor to said up-check circuit, saidup-check vcircuit being enabled by the proper setting of said registerin storing information from said source `to extend the said electricalenergization received 'from said second relay to a third relay,

'said third relay operating in response to said electrical energizationreceived from said second relay through said up-checlc circuit whenenabled to deenergize said rst relay and to furnish a signal indicatingsatisfactory completion of the registering operation.

a. In a calculator, a relay register having a plurality of incomingterminals, a plurality of conductors, a connector for connecting saidcon- Vductors to said terminals, means for controlling said :connectoriorminirnizing operating errors comprising a rst and a second operatingcondnctor, a cut-in relay for operating said connector, a down-checkcircuit completed by the relays or said register when only when saidregister is certainly means for concurrently,electrically energizingsaid two operating conductors, a -first conductor relay responsive Ytothe electrical energization of said drst conductor, a circuit closed` bysaid first conductor relay :for extending electrical energisation ofsaid second conductor througli said downcheol; circuit to operate saidcut-in relay and said connector, an up-cloeck circuit completed by therelays of said register when and only when Ysaid register has been.properly set, a second JOSEPH P. JULEY.

References casein the sie of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTs llurnberName Date 1,651,401 Mercer Deo. 6, 192iI Hinrichsen Oct. i6, i923

